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Building a Cameroon–Nigeria Axis for Structuring South–South Development

3rd juin 2025

A Strategic Proposal from the MLDC Based on the Community Developmental State (CDS)

Prof. Jimmy Yab. President of the MLDC. President of the Francophone China–Africa Observatory (OCAF). Professor of International Relations.

Prof Jimmy Yab & H.E. OLUSEGUN OBASANJO

Abstract

In a global context of shifting power poles, Cameroon remains deeply anchored in diplomatic frameworks inherited from colonialism, even as South–South dynamics are redrawing the paths of development. This article puts forward a strategic alternative led by the Mouvement pour la Libération et le Développement du Cameroun (MLDC): the creation of a structured bilateral cooperation axis between Cameroon and Nigeria, framed by the Community Developmental State (CDS) model. Drawing inspiration from Asian models of planned industrialization and pragmatic diplomacy, this partnership could accelerate regional integration, reinforce Cameroon’s economic sovereignty, and stabilize border zones through development-oriented diplomacy. The analysis draws upon recent economic data, academic references, and the author’s experience as president of the Francophone China–Africa Observatory (OCAF).

1. Introduction: The Urgency of Diplomatic Refoundation

A photo taken during the 70th anniversary of the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries (CPAFFC) in Beijing—where the author was the sole representative of Cameroon, standing alongside President Olusegun Obasanjo—is more than symbolic. It illustrates a strategic vacuum in Cameroon’s diplomatic presence. While the world is restructuring around regional South–South alliances (Cheru & Obi, 2010), Cameroon remains absent from major co-development platforms, held captive by a France-centric diplomatic approach.

This diplomatic absence signals a structural crisis of vision, which the MLDC seeks to overcome through a developmental diplomacy rooted in the sub-region, positioning Nigeria as a first-tier strategic partner. Within this framework, the Community Developmental State offers the doctrinal and institutional basis to envision a new African regional order, led by sovereign and mutually supportive states.

2. Doctrinal Foundations: The Community Developmental State as a Lever for Regional Integration

Inspired by Asian models (Japan, South Korea, China, Vietnam), the Community Developmental State advocated by the MLDC rests on three pillars of sovereignty: political, economic, and technological (Yab, 2024). It breaks away from paradigms of dependence on international donors in favor of national planning and regional integration.

As Leftwich (1995) emphasizes, development does not arise from automatic market liberalization, but from the strategic autonomy of a state embedded in its national and regional communities. The CDS reframes foreign action not as passive representation but as a public policy of structural transformation.

3. Nigeria: An Underutilized Power in Cameroon’s Regional Strategy

With a GDP of $477 billion (IMF, 2023), a population exceeding 230 million, vast gas reserves, and a growing manufacturing sector, Nigeria is the continent’s leading economic power. Yet, Cameroon has never developed a high-level bilateral cooperation framework with Abuja—despite sharing a 1,500 km border and informal trade flows estimated at over $500 million in 2022 (BEAC, 2023).

The MLDC proposes transforming this informal border coexistence into a structured co-development axis, built around logistical corridors (Garoua–Maiduguri, Bamenda–Enugu), joint economic zones, and industrial cooperation on regional value chains (livestock, textiles, agriculture, energy).

4. Academic and Operational Diplomacy: The Role of OCAF

As President of the Francophone China–Africa Observatory, the author has conducted numerous comparative analyses on Sino-African cooperation modalities. Contrary to simplistic interpretations, China does not impose a single model but offers a flexible negotiation framework in which the partner state remains responsible for its agenda (Brautigam, 2009).

It is this strategic school that informs our proposal: a co-diplomacy of development, in which Cameroon co-constructs with Nigeria:

A Cameroon–Nigeria Institute for South–South Development, based in Garoua or Maroua, to train regional cooperation personnel; Joint university programs linking Yaoundé I, Douala, Ibadan, Nsukka, Zaria, to share expertise in agriculture, health, security, and industry; A shared strategy to attract African and Asian FDI, particularly for financing common infrastructure.

5. Regional Security: Peace Through Integrated Development

The Cameroon–Nigeria border, particularly in the Far North, remains plagued by multiple forms of insecurity: Boko Haram, cross-border banditry, extreme poverty. The MLDC proposes a doctrine of developmental security, inspired by the concept of “human security” (UNDP, 1994), which integrates military action, social inclusion, and economic integration.

This doctrine is based on:

Joint community-based security forces, funded by both states; Economic stabilization projects in at-risk areas (roads, schools, hospitals); Regional reintegration centers for former combatants, linked to literacy and vocational training programs.

6. A Strategic Break from Passive Diplomacy

Unlike Cameroon’s current foreign policies, which rely on symbolic representation and influence, the MLDC’s approach is grounded in impact diplomacy, oriented toward sovereignty and development goals.

The proposed Cameroon–Nigeria axis adopts an offensive posture, based on a realistic reading of the regional environment. It aligns with the notion that well-crafted South–South alliances are now strategic levers comparable to past bilateral treaties with Northern powers (Mohan & Tan-Mullins, 2019).

Conclusion: Toward a Pan-African Developmental Geodiplomacy

The MLDC puts forward a true geopolitical shift for Cameroon. By reorienting Cameroonian diplomacy toward pragmatic South–South partnerships—beginning with Nigeria—it restores foreign policy to its historical mission: supporting national independence, accelerating development, and ensuring peace.

The Community Developmental State is not merely an administrative model but a strategic and operational framework for situating Cameroon within a strong, integrated, and sovereign Africa.

“Those not at the negotiation table are on the menu of history.”

— Prof. Jimmy Yab

References

Brautigam, D. (2009). The Dragon’s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford University Press.

Cheru, F., & Obi, C. (2010). The Rise of China and India in Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and Critical Interventions. Zed Books.

Evans, P. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton University Press.

IMF. (2023). World Economic Outlook. International Monetary Fund.

Leftwich, A. (1995). Bringing Politics Back In: Towards a Model of the Developmental State. Journal of Development Studies, 31(3), 400–427.

Mohan, G., & Tan-Mullins, M. (2019). The Geopolitics of South–South Infrastructure Development: Chinese-Funded Transport Projects in Ethiopia and Kenya. Political Geography, 73, 31–43.

UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report 1994: New Dimensions of Human Security. United Nations Development Programme.

Yab, J. (2024). Construction d’un État Développementaliste Communautaire : Le Cameroun. US Editions.

BEAC. (2023). Report on Informal Trade Flows in CEMAC. Bank of Central African States.

MLDC DEMANDS PAYMENT OF RESEARCH MODERNIZATION ALLOWANCE: OPEN LETTER TO THE PRIME MINISTER, HEAD OF GOVERNMENT OF CAMEROON

10th décembre 2024
Pr Jimmy Yab & H.E. Dion Ngute, Prime Minister of Cameroon

MOVEMENT FOR THE LIBERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CAMEROON (MLDC)

General Secretariat

Yaoundé, December 10, 2024

To the Attention of His Excellency, the Prime Minister, Head of Government

Ref: Demand for Payment of the “Research Modernization Allowance”

Subject: Advocacy for Recognizing the Role of University Lecturers through the Payment of the Research Modernization Allowance

Your Excellency,

I am writing to you as Secretary General of the Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon (MLDC) to draw your attention to a critical and urgent issue: the payment of the “Research Modernization Allowance” to university lecturers in Cameroon.

The Strategic Importance of University Lecturers for Cameroon

University lecturers are a cornerstone of a prosperous and innovative society. They are not merely knowledge transmitters but also architects of social and economic transformation through research. As Paulo Freire emphasizes in Pedagogy of the Oppressed (1970), “emancipatory education relies on the valorization of those who produce and disseminate knowledge.” Neglecting their working conditions undermines not only their educational mission but also our national ambition to position Cameroon as a competitive player on the global stage.

The contributions of university lecturers, through training future generations and producing scientific knowledge, directly address economic, health, and technological challenges. For instance, the role of universities in developing local solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic was invaluable. However, their dedication cannot be sustained without appropriate material recognition.

Origin of the Allowance and Unfulfilled Commitments

The “Research Modernization Allowance” was established by Presidential Decree No. 2009/121 of April 8, 2009. This initiative, hailed at the time as a significant breakthrough, aimed to encourage academic excellence and stimulate scientific research, a key driver for national development. By taking this decision, His Excellency President Paul Biya expressed his desire to reposition Cameroon as a key player in knowledge production in Africa.

However, since its creation, this allowance has been paid sporadically, leaving university lecturers in a state of growing frustration and uncertainty. This delay in payment is perceived not only as a betrayal of the promise made by the Head of State but also as a sign of inconsistency in implementing national priorities.

Consequences of Payment Delays

The non-payment of this allowance has serious consequences:

1. Decline in Motivation and Brain Drain: Many university lecturers, disheartened by the lack of financial recognition, seek opportunities abroad. This “brain drain” phenomenon deprives Cameroon of its brightest talents.

2. Deteriorated International Image: A state that fails to honor its commitments to its academic community projects an image of poor governance and misplaced priorities. This affects our ability to attract international partners in education and research.

3. Weakening of Local Research: Without adequate financial incentives, university lecturers increasingly lack the means to fund research projects, limiting national scientific output.

As Michael Apple explains in The State and Higher Education (2000), “the devaluation of the academic body directly weakens the quality of education systems and, by extension, a state’s capacity to innovate.” Unfortunately, this truth is evident in the current situation of Cameroonian university lecturers.

Recommendations

On behalf of the MLDC, I urge you to take concrete and immediate measures to resolve this crisis. Here are our recommendations:

1. Immediate Settlement of Arrears: Publish a clear and precise schedule for the payment of allowances owed to university lecturers.

2. Creation of a Special Research Fund: Establish an independent fund, managed in collaboration with representatives of the academic community, to ensure the regularity of future payments.

3. Engagement with Stakeholders: Organize consultations with university lecturer unions to identify obstacles to implementing the allowances and effectively address them.

4. Recognition of University Lecturers: Accompany the payment of the allowance with measures to generally improve working conditions, particularly in terms of resources for research.

The Stakes for the Head of State

The President of the Republic, as the guarantor of commitments made in his name, cannot remain indifferent to this situation. The non-payment of the research modernization allowance undermines the leadership and credibility image he seeks to project. As Nelson Mandela once said, “Education is the most powerful weapon to change the world.” By supporting its university lecturers, Cameroon can demonstrate its commitment to building a better future.

Your Excellency, we cannot afford to sacrifice the future of our country by neglecting those who educate our youth and produce the knowledge necessary for our development. By acting swiftly and resolutely, you have the opportunity to correct this situation and demonstrate your commitment to education and research, which are essential pillars for transforming our nation.

In the hope of a prompt and favorable response, please accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

PR JIMMY YAB

Secretary General, Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon (MLDC)

BALTHAZAR: Scandal in Equatorial Guinea: Sex Tapes, Political Assassination, Corruption, Embezzlement and Power Struggles

8th novembre 2024
From left to right: Obiang father and son and Engonga Edjo’o and son Balthazar

An Unprecedented Sexual and Political Scandal

A major scandal is currently shaking Equatorial Guinea. Hundreds of intimate videos featuring Baltasar Ebang Engonga, the country’s head of tax administration and a member of the powerful Obiang family, have been leaked on social media. These videos show Engonga, nicknamed « Bello, » engaging in sexual acts with the wives and daughters of ministers, generals, and high-ranking officials. The footage, sometimes filmed in his own office with the national flag in the background, reveals a complex network intertwining sex, power, and political rivalries.

Who is Baltasar Ebang Engonga?

Baltasar Ebang Engonga, known as Bello, the director of the tax administration of Equatorial Guinea

Baltasar Ebang Engonga, son of Baltasar Engonga Edjo’o, president of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) Commission, and great-nephew of President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, holds a prominent position within Equatorial Guinea’s ruling elite. He is in charge of managing tax administration, a key position that has made him powerful and influential. Known for his charisma and looks, Engonga was seen as a rising figure and potential successor to President Obiang, thus posing a challenge to Vice President Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, known as Teodorín, the president’s son.

Suspicious Money Transfers and Public Fund Embezzlement

The sex scandal is not the only incriminating matter against Engonga. He is also accused of embezzling public funds by making suspicious transfers from state accounts to private accounts in the Cayman Islands. In October, Teodorín, aiming to weaken his political rival, launched an official investigation into these suspicious transfers. This investigation led to Bello’s arrest, who is currently detained in Black Beach Prison, notorious for its harsh conditions. During his arrest, his phones and computers were seized, revealing more than 400 compromising videos.

Repercussions Within the Elite and CEMAC

The President of the CEMAC Commission, Baltasar Engonga Edjo’o in Paris, November 27, 2023

The shockwave caused by this affair could extend beyond Equatorial Guinea’s borders, reaching personalities within the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). Bello’s father, Baltasar Engonga Edjo’o, now finds himself in a delicate position, summoned to Malabo to answer for his son’s actions. The Obiang family, known for its tight control over political and economic affairs, seems determined to use this scandal to reassert its authority.

Teodorín Obiang: An Opportunity for Power Consolidation

The President of Equatorial Guinea Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo

Teodorín quickly seized this opportunity to strengthen his control over the state apparatus and weaken potential competitors. The vice president has taken drastic measures, holding crisis meetings with those close to people implicated in the videos. Influential figures such as Jesús Edu Moto Mangue, the presidential security supervisor, and Nicolás Obama Nchama, the minister of public security, have been named. Teodorín has further stated that “sexual relations are forbidden in offices,” adding that severe penalties would be applied.

An Internationally Significant Scandal

The scandal’s international dimension is also noteworthy. Marisa Nlang Engonga Esono, Bello’s sister, who works at UNESCO in Paris, could be affected by the repercussions of this affair. This scandal also highlights the power games within the Obiang family and Teodorín’s attempts to eliminate competitors who might challenge his succession to the presidency.

Towards a Cleanup of the Obiang Household?

Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue, known as Teodorín, vice-president of Equatorial Guinea and son of the head of state

This scandal may mark a turning point in the political history of Equatorial Guinea. The revelations of embezzlement and sexual affairs involving elite figures raise many questions about the management of public finances and ethics at the top of the state. Teodorín seems determined to take advantage of the situation to strengthen his grip on power, perhaps with a view to succeeding his father, who has held power since 1982.

In Equatorial Guinea, where power is often passed down through family lines, this case reveals the extent of corruption and internal struggles plaguing the administration. Time will tell whether Teodorín can capitalize on this scandal to consolidate his rise, or if further revelations will shake the Obiang family even more.

Kemi Badenoch, the leader of Britain’s Conservative Party: A New Era for Youth and Women in Politics

3rd novembre 2024

The election of Kemi Badenoch as the leader of Britain’s Conservative Party signals a transformative moment in British politics and carries profound implications for young people, particularly in Britain and former British colonies and protectorates like Nigeria and Cameroon. Badenoch’s leadership isn’t just a testament to her personal tenacity; it embodies a broader shift toward embracing youthful perspectives, diversity, and female representation in spaces of power. Her ascent holds a unique symbolic value for young people and women, who may often feel excluded from political arenas dominated by older, established figures. By exploring the significance of her election from the perspective of youth and female leadership, we can better appreciate its potential ripple effect across continents.

Youth Leadership and Political Representation

At 44, Badenoch is relatively young by political leadership standards, especially in the context of the UK Conservative Party, traditionally associated with older, long-serving politicians. Her presence at the helm injects youthful energy and new perspectives into British politics, breaking from the typical image of party leaders in the UK. This milestone in British politics provides a blueprint for what younger generations can achieve with determination and a vision for change. Young people in Britain, often underrepresented and overlooked in political processes, can find in Badenoch a leader who more closely represents their age group and, potentially, their values and aspirations.

For youth in former British colonies, such as Cameroon and Nigeria, Badenoch’s election resonates deeply. Many African countries grapple with leadership structures that are predominantly controlled by older generations, where political influence remains concentrated among a select group of longstanding figures. Badenoch’s rise offers an alternative narrative: that youth can indeed lead at the highest levels. Her success challenges the perception that leadership positions are beyond the reach of younger candidates and that only age or experience confers authority. By redefining who can hold power, Badenoch is inspiring a generation of young Africans to envision themselves in leadership roles and to push against restrictive political hierarchies in their own countries.

The Power of Representation: Diversity and Female Empowerment

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As a woman of Nigerian descent, Badenoch’s leadership has powerful implications for representation, particularly for women of African heritage in Britain and across the African continent. In Britain, her ascent challenges racial and gender stereotypes within the Conservative Party, one of the oldest and most traditional political institutions in the country. Her presence at the top of this institution demonstrates that diversity in leadership is not only possible but valuable, reinforcing to young women and girls of diverse backgrounds that they too can aspire to such roles.

For African countries like Cameroon and Nigeria, Badenoch’s example of a woman of African descent leading a major political party in the West challenges traditional gender norms and expectations within African political structures. Female representation in African politics remains limited, often confined to token positions or roles in areas traditionally associated with women, such as social and family policy. Badenoch’s rise to leadership in a major global power underscores the capacity of women to lead across all domains, from economics and defense to foreign policy. Her success sends a message to African societies that women, when given opportunities and the support to lead, can make significant contributions to national and global discourse.

This shift is particularly inspiring in countries like Nigeria and Cameroon, where cultural expectations and gender roles can limit women’s political ambitions. Badenoch’s leadership serves as a rallying point for female leaders across Africa, encouraging them to aspire to high-level positions and to break through systemic barriers that have traditionally excluded them. Her example may embolden young African women to pursue political careers and advocate for policies that promote gender equality and women’s empowerment, fostering a new generation of leaders committed to reshaping African political landscapes.

A New Chapter for British Politics and Global Inspiration

Kemi Badenoch’s election as the Conservative Party leader in Britain is not just a significant moment for British youth and women; it marks a broader paradigm shift in global politics. Her rise reflects a growing trend in many democracies where the younger generation, more connected through technology and social media, demands greater representation and diversity in leadership. Her story speaks to an interconnected generation, one that sees the barriers of race, gender, and age as increasingly arbitrary and outdated. Badenoch’s leadership could be the beginning of a more inclusive approach to politics, where competence and vision are more valued than the status quo.

This broader vision is deeply relevant for former British colonies in Africa, where young people make up a large portion of the population. Youth-led movements across Africa have already demonstrated an appetite for political reform and greater representation, as seen in recent protests and calls for accountability in countries like Nigeria and Cameroon. Badenoch’s success encourages these young African voices to pursue political involvement and believe in the possibility of transforming their political landscapes.

In summary, Kemi Badenoch’s election as leader of the Conservative Party is more than a personal achievement; it represents a new era of inclusivity, youth representation, and female empowerment. For young people and aspiring leaders in Britain and Africa, particularly women, her example serves as a beacon of possibility. Badenoch’s story challenges longstanding narratives about who is qualified to lead and brings a sense of hope and ambition to young people everywhere, encouraging them to break down barriers, pursue their aspirations, and contribute to a world where leadership truly reflects the diversity of its people

Honoring the Dahomey Amazons: Celebrating Female Leadership in Africa

1st novembre 2024

Africa has a profound history of female leadership and empowerment, deeply rooted in cultural traditions and historical achievements. One of the most remarkable examples of this legacy is the legendary Dahomey Amazons—an all-female military regiment in the Kingdom of Dahomey (modern-day Benin) renowned for their bravery, combat skill, and loyalty. These warriors symbolized strength, authority, and resilience, challenging the conventional boundaries of gender roles.

In recent years, Benin has honored this legacy in a monumental way. President Patrice Talon inaugurated a statue in Cotonou commemorating the Dahomey Amazons, celebrating both the historical achievements of these women and their lasting influence on African female leadership. Talon’s administration has further supported female empowerment by establishing the office of the Vice Presidency, now held by Mariam Chabi Talata, a strong advocate for women’s leadership. Together, these acts of recognition provide a powerful message about the importance of female agency and leadership in contemporary Africa.

I. The Dahomey Amazons: History and Impact

The Dahomey Amazons, also known as the Mino or “our mothers” in the Fon language, served as an elite military unit in the Kingdom of Dahomey from the 17th to the 19th century. They were unique in the sense that they were one of the only all-female armies in recorded history. Trained rigorously in the art of warfare, these women exhibited exceptional courage, discipline, and loyalty to the kingdom. They were involved in critical battles and were highly respected, both by their king and the people of Dahomey.

The Amazons’ influence extended beyond the battlefield. They held significant social and political power, often acting as advisors to the king and participating in council meetings. Their prominence challenged conventional gender roles, demonstrating that women could be both powerful leaders and key contributors to the welfare of society. The Dahomey Amazons’ legacy of strength and resilience continues to inspire generations of African women, offering a powerful narrative of female capability that transcends time.

II. The Dahomey Amazons and Female Leadership in African History

The Dahomey Amazons are just one part of Africa’s long tradition of strong female leadership. Africa has seen numerous influential women who held power and authority in ways that defied the expectations of their time. Figures such as Queen Nzinga of Angola and the Nubian Kandake queens exemplify how women have historically played crucial roles in governance, diplomacy, and military affairs. These figures serve as reminders that African societies, even in the face of colonial influence, have always valued and empowered women leaders.

The Amazons’ legacy is particularly significant because it provides a counter-narrative to Western interpretations of African gender roles. By highlighting their courage, intelligence, and leadership skills, the Amazons serve as symbols of female empowerment, contrasting with the often patriarchal views introduced during and after colonialism. They remind us that African women have long been agents of change, playing active roles in shaping their societies.

III. The Monument in Cotonou: Honoring the Dahomey Amazons

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In 2022, President Patrice Talon inaugurated a monumental statue in Cotonou to honor the Dahomey Amazons, a decision that not only pays homage to Benin’s history but also sends a powerful message about the importance of female leadership today. This statue, featuring a woman warrior with a spear and shield, is a striking reminder of the strength and pride of African women. It celebrates the Amazons’ legacy as defenders of their kingdom and as symbols of resilience and empowerment.

This monument has both cultural and symbolic significance. It serves as a public recognition of the important roles women have historically played in African societies and encourages a reevaluation of traditional gender roles. Moreover, it offers a focal point for discussions on gender equality and the potential for women to contribute meaningfully to society. By commemorating the Amazons, the Talon administration highlights Benin’s commitment to promoting and preserving the heritage of female empowerment.

IV. Creation of the Vice Presidency: A Commitment to Female Empowerment

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Beyond honoring historical figures, President Talon has taken a substantial step toward institutionalizing female leadership in modern Benin. In 2021, he established the office of the Vice Presidency and appointed Mariam Chabi Talata as Benin’s first female Vice President. Talata’s appointment is a groundbreaking moment for the country and signifies a commitment to gender equality and women’s representation in governance.

As Vice President, Talata embodies the spirit of the Dahomey Amazons—strong, resilient, and dedicated to her nation. Her role not only amplifies women’s voices within Benin’s political sphere but also paves the way for future generations of women leaders. Talata’s vice presidency stands as a testament to the belief that female leadership is integral to the progress and stability of African societies. This development highlights how Benin is not only acknowledging its past but also creating a future that upholds the values of inclusion and empowerment.

V. The Broader Impact of Monuments and Female Representation in Leadership

The Dahomey Amazons monument and the establishment of the Vice Presidency are powerful symbols that connect Benin’s past with its present and future. Monuments, like the one in Cotonou, serve as important cultural touchpoints that promote pride, national identity, and historical awareness. They remind the public that women have long been pivotal in shaping society and that honoring this legacy is key to fostering gender equality.

Similarly, the presence of women in political leadership, as exemplified by Talata’s role, provides tangible proof that gender inclusivity can be achieved. As more African nations recognize and celebrate their historical female figures, they send a message that female empowerment is not only possible but essential for societal progress. These actions create an environment where younger generations of women feel encouraged to pursue leadership roles, knowing they are part of a legacy that values and supports their potential.

The legacy of the Dahomey Amazons is a powerful reminder of the strength, courage, and leadership capabilities that women have long brought to African societies. By honoring this legacy through the monument in Cotonou and the appointment of Mariam Chabi Talata as Vice President, Benin is setting a powerful example of how historical memory and modern governance can work together to promote gender equality and female empowerment.

This dual recognition of historical and contemporary female leadership underscores the importance of women’s roles in creating strong, resilient societies. As African nations continue to celebrate and institutionalize female leadership, they pave the way for a more inclusive future where women can actively contribute to the continent’s development and prosperity. The Dahomey Amazons’ legacy lives on, not only as a testament to the past but as a foundation for the future of female leadership in Africa.

Transforming Tanzania: Female Leadership and the Electric Railway

1st novembre 2024

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During my visit to Tanzania, I had the opportunity to observe firsthand the impressive transformations the country has undergone, especially under the leadership of President Samia Suluhu Hassan. As Tanzania’s first female president, she embodies a style of female leadership capable of transforming and modernizing the country, demonstrated by the remarkable development of its electric railway system. By becoming the first country in East Africa to launch an electric rail network, Tanzania illustrates how a visionary female leader can infuse fresh momentum into the economy and society. In this article, I will explore how President Hassan’s leadership is contributing to Tanzania’s development and the impact of her example for Africa as a whole.

Female Leadership and a Vision for Progress in Africa

Having women in positions of power in African countries often brings a breath of fresh air, blending inclusivity, sustainable development, and stability. President Samia Suluhu Hassan exemplifies this dynamic. She assumed office following the death of her predecessor, during a delicate period of transition. Despite the challenges, she managed to impose her vision and accelerate major national projects, including the electric railway connecting Dar es Salaam to Dodoma. This significant project, covering 440 kilometers, reduces travel time from 10 hours to 4 hours and sets a model for the entire region.

Under President Hassan’s leadership, Tanzania now positions itself as a model of modernization for other East African nations, especially in transportation and infrastructure. Through this railway, the country is boosting trade, enhancing mobility, and reducing its dependency on fossil fuels by using electricity—a sustainable choice that reflects values of inclusivity and progress.

A Rail Project That Is Transforming Tanzania

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During my visit, I was able to see the tangible benefits of the railway project for the people. The electrified railway between Dar es Salaam and Dodoma is more than a mere transportation network; it’s a true asset for national development. With a maximum speed of 160 km/h, this modern train improves citizens’ mobility, enhances trade between regions, and opens new commercial and tourism opportunities. This project, valued at approximately $3.1 billion, embodies President Hassan’s commitment to building modern, sustainable infrastructure that meets her country’s real needs.

Beyond the benefits in terms of time savings and efficiency, the positive environmental impact of this railway is crucial. By opting for electricity, Tanzania aligns itself with sustainable development goals and reduces its carbon footprint. This project marks a turning point for the region, made even more significant by the fact that it’s being led by a visionary woman who is committed to a green and prosperous future.

Female Leadership in the Face of African Challenges

For female leaders in Africa, leading a country also means facing numerous challenges, including stereotypes and resistance from certain sociocultural factions. President Samia Suluhu Hassan has not been spared from criticism, but she has demonstrated strong leadership and inspired her people by promoting inclusive development. She’s not the first woman in Africa to achieve such an accomplishment; Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former president of Liberia, is another example. Sirleaf, the first woman elected head of state on the continent, led her country through a crisis, laying strong foundations for democracy and peace.

These examples illustrate the transformative power of female leadership in Africa. Far from being mere administrators, these women are builders of peace and development, offering an inclusive, responsible vision for the well-being of future generations.

Toward a New Era of Inclusive and Sustainable Governance

The impact of female leadership goes beyond symbolism; it promotes governance that values strong institutions and sustainable development. By undertaking economic reforms and launching projects like the electric railway, Samia Suluhu Hassan shows that female leadership is not merely about gender parity but is a path to real transformation that meets the needs of her people. As the first woman president, she echoes the values of Scandinavian countries, where women’s inclusion in government is associated with effective and stable governance. This parallel shows that female leadership can be a valuable asset, not only for gender parity but for a fairer, more balanced future.

My trip to Tanzania strengthened my optimism about the potential of female leadership for Africa’s development. Through her commitment and vision, President Samia Suluhu Hassan demonstrates that a woman can not only lead but can also transform her country by instilling a dynamic of modernity, inclusivity, and sustainability. The electric railway is a symbol of this progress: it embodies the ambition and capability of a country to modernize its infrastructure and improve the lives of its citizens.

Africa needs strong leaders and ambitious projects to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Tanzania’s success is an inspiration for the continent and an invitation for other countries to pursue inclusive development by valuing the potential of women to lead and innovate for a prosperous, sustainable future.